Friday, March 25, 2011
Thursday, March 24, 2011
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Black Chronicle: Safety in the Community of Madrid - 03/23/1911
Francisco Pérez Abellán brings Agustin Sánchez Carretero, judge and managing director of the Police Academy of the Community of Madrid. Federico Jiménez Losantos addition analyzes the decision in Mariluz.
Francisco Pérez Abellán brings Agustin Sánchez Carretero, judge and managing director of the Police Academy of the Community of Madrid. Federico Jiménez Losantos addition analyzes the decision in Mariluz.
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Vincenzo Perugia: 'The Theft of the Mona Lisa'
Argentine A merchant named Edward Carpenter Valfierno convinced the Italian Vincenzo Perugia (former employee of the Louvre) to steal the painting to sell it for a millionaire. Eduardo
Valfierno. A real con artist, son of an Argentine landowner, who squandered inherit little the fortune of his father. To maintain the lifestyle I was accustomed to, was introduced into the world of selling art, and there happen to make contact with a French forger, the painter Yves Chaudron, which as I have read somewhere is considered almost like a reincarnation of Leonardo himself. Together they became a skilled art scammers.
The August 20, 1911, Perugia came to the Louvre museum waiting for the end to stay hidden inside without getting all complicated and that was well aware of the intricacies and mores of the guards, since Perugia itself had been used the establishment. The next day, the day August 21, 1911 peacefully, using the museum's closing day for maintenance and cleaning, and wearing a white coat like the ones used by museum staff, picked up the box and then click Visconti steps, removed the table from its frame, leaving the latter. Shortly after he left the museum with the painting hidden under his clothes, then placed in a suitcase.
Louvre When employees saw the hole in the wall, not given more importance. They thought they had removed to be photographed for the realization of a catalog, one of the photographers who were allowed to do so. It was not until the following day, Tuesday 22, that the theft was discovered, thanks to the insistence of Louis Béroud, a painter who made reproductions for tourists. Had arrived early that morning copy to the museum to find a good spot and avoid the inconvenience of visitors and onlookers. And after not finding insist, because at first there was a great event, the guards found with horror that the painting had been stolen and not removed to photograph. As stated in the newspaper La Vanguardia, 23 August, was not sure of the theft until early afternoon.
Then went on to denounce the lack of security measures at the Museum. They are frightening, if true, the information La Vanguardia on Saturday August 26 . A deputy was outraged because there was more modern security systems in some small parish near Paris, that the most important museum in France. A member of the Society of Friends of the Louvre museum complaint neglect and lack of zeal of guards and other staff, because once comes close to stepping on the stolen painting, deposited without any oversight on the ground. And the story ends with a photographer describing how his colleagues and himself in the reproductions, concluding that they did not steal a painting was not wanting.
almost immediately began to circulate in the corridors all the different scenarios on the occasion of theft, perhaps because a thief willing to ask rescue. Some hoped it could be a hoax, but others believed it could be a practical demonstration of the ineffectiveness of the security systems of the Louvre. It was even talk of a box fan or a lover of capricious millionaire intended exclusively enjoy. A worst case scenario was about to cause a diplomatic row by attributing responsibility for the theft to the German government as a way to humiliate France. Do not forget the climate of tension that existed between the two countries before the First World War. For the Germans should not make any grace to the indictment, and the French retaliated by accusing to prepare an anti-German plot.
The police, meanwhile, soon began to make inquiries and drafted a list of suspects. He stopped and questioned numerous people, some very distinguished. One of them was the writer Guillaume Apollinaire, who in one of his provocative statements, was asked to burn the Louvre with all his paintings, and art representing the officer, who in his speech amounted to expire. Through him, was also questioned his friend Pablo Picasso, who had a history of buying stolen goods, although he always denied that he knew that they were. Both were acquitted of the charge.
police efforts were completely unsuccessful, and the box was missing for 853 days. It is said that at this time, many curious people came to the museum just to see the hole in the wall to occupy the work of Leonardo.
few years earlier, the museum had been stolen from other pieces of art, which did the police assume that both events were related. This assumption was held until September 6, 1911, when the writer mistakenly capture Guillaume Apollinaire, who was later acquitted. He had believed in his guilt because he had proposed the burning of the museum, arguing that there was "imprisoned art." Subsequently, he was captured by the painter Pablo Picasso, because he had a history of buying stolen art, who later was also acquitted. While investigations were conducted into the theft was captured by Belgian adventurer Géry Pieret Honoré-Joseph, who confessed to the theft of 1906, but not that of La Gioconda. During his absence in the museum, the continued influx of visitors, went (to a lesser number) to see the hole in the wall where the painting was stolen.
The painting was recovered two years and one hundred and eleven days after the robbery, recording the capture of Perugia. The detainee, tried to sell the original painting to the director of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Alfredo Geri, who was accompanied by the police. Perugia claimed that the robbery had been committed to return the work to its true home, and he only was the victim of a con, the jury sentenced him to several years of prisión.Antes to return to the museum, painting was exhibited in Florence, Rome and Milan. In 1931, Valfierno told her story to an American journalist, revealing the identity of the defrauded of counterfeits. After the theft, some artists say they can doubt the originality of the painting on display, since that could easily be a copy. During the Second World War, there was guarded in the castle of Amboise and then in the abbey of Loc-Dieu.
Fuentes and text: Wikipedia , Lineaserpentinata 
Argentine A merchant named Edward Carpenter Valfierno convinced the Italian Vincenzo Perugia (former employee of the Louvre) to steal the painting to sell it for a millionaire. Eduardo Valfierno. A real con artist, son of an Argentine landowner, who squandered inherit little the fortune of his father. To maintain the lifestyle I was accustomed to, was introduced into the world of selling art, and there happen to make contact with a French forger, the painter Yves Chaudron, which as I have read somewhere is considered almost like a reincarnation of Leonardo himself. Together they became a skilled art scammers.
The August 20, 1911, Perugia came to the Louvre museum waiting for the end to stay hidden inside without getting all complicated and that was well aware of the intricacies and mores of the guards, since Perugia itself had been used the establishment. The next day, the day August 21, 1911 peacefully, using the museum's closing day for maintenance and cleaning, and wearing a white coat like the ones used by museum staff, picked up the box and then click Visconti steps, removed the table from its frame, leaving the latter. Shortly after he left the museum with the painting hidden under his clothes, then placed in a suitcase. 
He took the canvas leaving their fingerprints on the glass that protected the table, but nobody seemed to notice that detail.
When the painter Louis Béroud entered the room to appreciate the painting, which was not noticed immediately and told the guard. The museum closed for a week, for research purposes.
Louvre When employees saw the hole in the wall, not given more importance. They thought they had removed to be photographed for the realization of a catalog, one of the photographers who were allowed to do so. It was not until the following day, Tuesday 22, that the theft was discovered, thanks to the insistence of Louis Béroud, a painter who made reproductions for tourists. Had arrived early that morning copy to the museum to find a good spot and avoid the inconvenience of visitors and onlookers. And after not finding insist, because at first there was a great event, the guards found with horror that the painting had been stolen and not removed to photograph. As stated in the newspaper La Vanguardia, 23 August, was not sure of the theft until early afternoon.
Then went on to denounce the lack of security measures at the Museum. They are frightening, if true, the information La Vanguardia on Saturday August 26 . A deputy was outraged because there was more modern security systems in some small parish near Paris, that the most important museum in France. A member of the Society of Friends of the Louvre museum complaint neglect and lack of zeal of guards and other staff, because once comes close to stepping on the stolen painting, deposited without any oversight on the ground. And the story ends with a photographer describing how his colleagues and himself in the reproductions, concluding that they did not steal a painting was not wanting. 
almost immediately began to circulate in the corridors all the different scenarios on the occasion of theft, perhaps because a thief willing to ask rescue. Some hoped it could be a hoax, but others believed it could be a practical demonstration of the ineffectiveness of the security systems of the Louvre. It was even talk of a box fan or a lover of capricious millionaire intended exclusively enjoy. A worst case scenario was about to cause a diplomatic row by attributing responsibility for the theft to the German government as a way to humiliate France. Do not forget the climate of tension that existed between the two countries before the First World War. For the Germans should not make any grace to the indictment, and the French retaliated by accusing to prepare an anti-German plot.
The police, meanwhile, soon began to make inquiries and drafted a list of suspects. He stopped and questioned numerous people, some very distinguished. One of them was the writer Guillaume Apollinaire, who in one of his provocative statements, was asked to burn the Louvre with all his paintings, and art representing the officer, who in his speech amounted to expire. Through him, was also questioned his friend Pablo Picasso, who had a history of buying stolen goods, although he always denied that he knew that they were. Both were acquitted of the charge. police efforts were completely unsuccessful, and the box was missing for 853 days. It is said that at this time, many curious people came to the museum just to see the hole in the wall to occupy the work of Leonardo.
Valfierno collectors did business with five Americans and a Brazilian, to whom he sold fakes made by the painter Yves Chaudron, each by three hundred thousand dollars.
few years earlier, the museum had been stolen from other pieces of art, which did the police assume that both events were related. This assumption was held until September 6, 1911, when the writer mistakenly capture Guillaume Apollinaire, who was later acquitted. He had believed in his guilt because he had proposed the burning of the museum, arguing that there was "imprisoned art." Subsequently, he was captured by the painter Pablo Picasso, because he had a history of buying stolen art, who later was also acquitted. While investigations were conducted into the theft was captured by Belgian adventurer Géry Pieret Honoré-Joseph, who confessed to the theft of 1906, but not that of La Gioconda. During his absence in the museum, the continued influx of visitors, went (to a lesser number) to see the hole in the wall where the painting was stolen. 
The painting was recovered two years and one hundred and eleven days after the robbery, recording the capture of Perugia. The detainee, tried to sell the original painting to the director of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Alfredo Geri, who was accompanied by the police. Perugia claimed that the robbery had been committed to return the work to its true home, and he only was the victim of a con, the jury sentenced him to several years of prisión.Antes to return to the museum, painting was exhibited in Florence, Rome and Milan. In 1931, Valfierno told her story to an American journalist, revealing the identity of the defrauded of counterfeits. After the theft, some artists say they can doubt the originality of the painting on display, since that could easily be a copy. During the Second World War, there was guarded in the castle of Amboise and then in the abbey of Loc-Dieu. Fuentes and text: Wikipedia , Lineaserpentinata
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Case Marta del Castillo: The 'Cuco', acquitted of murder and rape of Marta del Castillo
First sentence for the case of the disappearance and death of Marta del Castillo. The child nicknamed "El Cuco" has been convicted of aiding and acquitted of murder and rape. The ruling was publicized on Thursday the head of the Juvenile Court No 1 of Sevilla, Alejandro Vian, who has condemned Javier GM to three years of confinement in a juvenile facility and then be two more years on probation.
Marta's family Castle has already shown dissatisfaction with the ruling. José Antonio Casanueva, grandfather of the victim has been in charge of collecting the verdict and has called the judge's decision Seville as " a pitcher of ice water ."
During the trial the past months of January and February, the Office of Children for the defendant requested a sentence of six years of detention in a closed center, followed by three years probation for the crime of murder, two of assault sexual-one the author directly and another to facilitate sexual assault perpetrated by Miguel Carcano, and one against the person for damage caused to parents by not disclosing the whereabouts of the body.
Finally, if the judge "did not consider there is sufficient evidence the direct participation of the child in all of the facts ", the prosecution asked to be convicted of a crime of concealment, asking in this case three years detained in closed facilities.
SOURCE: FOUR 
Acquitted of charges of murder and rape
'The Cuckoo' convicted only to cover up the disappearance and death of Marta del Castillo
Marta's family Castle has already shown dissatisfaction with the ruling. José Antonio Casanueva, grandfather of the victim has been in charge of collecting the verdict and has called the judge's decision Seville as " a pitcher of ice water ."
During the trial the past months of January and February, the Office of Children for the defendant requested a sentence of six years of detention in a closed center, followed by three years probation for the crime of murder, two of assault sexual-one the author directly and another to facilitate sexual assault perpetrated by Miguel Carcano, and one against the person for damage caused to parents by not disclosing the whereabouts of the body.
Finally, if the judge "did not consider there is sufficient evidence the direct participation of the child in all of the facts ", the prosecution asked to be convicted of a crime of concealment, asking in this case three years detained in closed facilities.
SOURCE: FOUR
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Judge Cuco absolved of murder and rape of Marta
Juvenile Judge No. 1 Sevilla, Alejandro Vian, was acquitted at the lowest known as the 'Cuckoo' from rape and murder of the young Marta del Castillo in Seville and has been sentenced solely for the crime of covering up to three years of confinement in a closed regime, having to serve two years and eleven months and the center closed last month on probation, all while he has criticized that "did not want to reveal" the whereabouts of the corpse.
should be remembered that the Attorney for the defendant requested a sentence of six years of detention in a closed center, followed by three years probation for the crime of murder, two of sexual assault - as a direct perpetrator and another facilitate sexual assault perpetrated by Miguel Carcano - and one against the person for damage caused to parents by failing to disclose the whereabouts of the body. For his part, the complainant asked the same penalty for the crime of murder, two of sexual assault and a final desecration of corpses. In Case
notified the parties on Thursday, 35 pages and seen by Europa Press, the judge states that "it is impossible at the time of writing the abstract statement of memory or the memory of Martha and the immense pain that is hurting his family, especially after listening to parents declare and having endured the same session of the hearing with admirable dignity and respect he had shown up to this Court. " However, makes clear that the work entrusted to him "is not giving an opinion about what happened as a parent or citizen well, but only as a judge. "
Thus, the judge gave an account of the facts and considers it proven that in the afternoon of January 24, 2009 Miguel Carcano Marta went to the floor with Leon XIII where the crime took place, and once there, killed the girl, after all that mobile phone called "cuckoo" and "another person over age" - Samuel Benitez - to come to the home. The child then went home, where he had been with Samuel, and took the car owned by his mother, after which he went to the floor of Leo XIII.
Once there, as the judge continued, the child and Samuel Miguel met and his brother Francisco Javier Delgado beside the lifeless body of Marta. Thus, the 'Cuckoo' and the three adults decided, "acting by mutual agreement and in order to avoid the death was discovered, to remove the body," so "for this purpose, in an hour of undetermined morning of day 25, the youngest, assisted "by Samuel," pulled the body weight while Michael took out a wheelchair outside the house. "
adds that "as soon as the conditions of the building is allowed, put the body of Marta in the wheelchair and took him to the where was the vehicle of the child's mother, entering the body lying in the rear seats and in-car "the child and Samuel, all as long as Michael rode his moped and followed the vehicle" to a place undetermined and giving the body a fate that today is totally ignored. "
Therefore, the judge considered that" there has been duly authorized or tested the child vaginally penetrated Marta, or to assist another person adult to do the same, and likewise also has been duly authorized or tested the child to participate in death. "
Well, alludes to the statement made on March 17, 2009 before the magistrate No. 4 by the confessed murderer, that he and the 'Cuckoo' have sexually assaulted and killed Marta del Castillo, and notes that "it is questionable whether there was any legitimate and justified because it impedes the prosecution to take Carcaño statement in the record of reform with the defense citing the child. " At this point, the judge says "not understanding the performance" of the prosecution and the fact that "is limited to the incorporation of the testimony of Michael, after the declaration provided in the older procedure without the assistance of counsel for the child supposed to that a substantial change in its position and is credited with the commission of serious crimes. "
Thus, the statement asserts that Carcaño" no probative value for having violated during the investigation of the case to reform the basic guarantee of the principle contradiction, since the child's lawyer was unable to perform for reasons not attributable to it - is obviously not going to be the one who proposed for declaration as it is the main evidence against his client - not one question to Michael, which gives the 'cuckoo' the commission of no less a crime of murder and two counts of sexual assault because he has not been given part of the prosecution once appropriate and adequate for that. "
" Miguel's statement does not meet the requirements to destroy the fundamental right to presumption of innocence that protects the minor defendant, "the judge, while noting that the statement provided by the confessed murderer "are spurious mobile revenge or resentment towards the child, because" only glitch using that phone can be a logical explanation for the changes in version "of Carcaño regarding the participation ' Cuco '. Thus, suggests that Michael changed his version of the child to take revenge for having included his brother as a participant in the events and to exempt his brother from all liability.
In this vein, the judge revealed that Michael "has absolute control over events and can include and exclude at whim in the events involving people who wish appropriate at their own convenience and interest. "
also refers to the detection of a mixture of" perfect "genetic profiles of Martha and the child on the floor beside the table desk in the bedroom of Michael, just in where the events occurred, but asserts that the mixture "the only thing that is irrefutably proves that the minor was present on the floor of Leo XIII on the day the incident occurred and had contact with the body, but unfortunately the body has not appeared and has not been an autopsy. "
regard to crime against the person who accused the Prosecutors said the child "did not wish to reveal the location or fate that led to the body of Martha, when the judge has full conviction that knows exactly where is the body or the fate that led to it, or at least have some data that might lead to where the body is. "The child, with its failure to disclose the fate or whereabouts of the body is exercising - improperly or disproportionate - the constitutional rights it thinks ", he adds. Finally, and regarding the compensation of EUR 616,319.27 requesting the Prosecutor to the Ministry of the Interior for expenditure on the various search engines work, the judge rejected because the child has been found liable for a crime of concealment, which "is not configured as a form of participation in the crime, but as a separate crime against the Administration of Justice, so it can hardly generate a civil obligation for the Ministry of Interior. "
SOURCE: IRIN 
Conviction cover for not "flush out" their whereabouts
Juvenile Judge No. 1 Sevilla, Alejandro Vian, was acquitted at the lowest known as the 'Cuckoo' from rape and murder of the young Marta del Castillo in Seville and has been sentenced solely for the crime of covering up to three years of confinement in a closed regime, having to serve two years and eleven months and the center closed last month on probation, all while he has criticized that "did not want to reveal" the whereabouts of the corpse. should be remembered that the Attorney for the defendant requested a sentence of six years of detention in a closed center, followed by three years probation for the crime of murder, two of sexual assault - as a direct perpetrator and another facilitate sexual assault perpetrated by Miguel Carcano - and one against the person for damage caused to parents by failing to disclose the whereabouts of the body. For his part, the complainant asked the same penalty for the crime of murder, two of sexual assault and a final desecration of corpses. In Case
notified the parties on Thursday, 35 pages and seen by Europa Press, the judge states that "it is impossible at the time of writing the abstract statement of memory or the memory of Martha and the immense pain that is hurting his family, especially after listening to parents declare and having endured the same session of the hearing with admirable dignity and respect he had shown up to this Court. " However, makes clear that the work entrusted to him "is not giving an opinion about what happened as a parent or citizen well, but only as a judge. "
Thus, the judge gave an account of the facts and considers it proven that in the afternoon of January 24, 2009 Miguel Carcano Marta went to the floor with Leon XIII where the crime took place, and once there, killed the girl, after all that mobile phone called "cuckoo" and "another person over age" - Samuel Benitez - to come to the home. The child then went home, where he had been with Samuel, and took the car owned by his mother, after which he went to the floor of Leo XIII.
Once there, as the judge continued, the child and Samuel Miguel met and his brother Francisco Javier Delgado beside the lifeless body of Marta. Thus, the 'Cuckoo' and the three adults decided, "acting by mutual agreement and in order to avoid the death was discovered, to remove the body," so "for this purpose, in an hour of undetermined morning of day 25, the youngest, assisted "by Samuel," pulled the body weight while Michael took out a wheelchair outside the house. "
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adds that "as soon as the conditions of the building is allowed, put the body of Marta in the wheelchair and took him to the where was the vehicle of the child's mother, entering the body lying in the rear seats and in-car "the child and Samuel, all as long as Michael rode his moped and followed the vehicle" to a place undetermined and giving the body a fate that today is totally ignored. "
Therefore, the judge considered that" there has been duly authorized or tested the child vaginally penetrated Marta, or to assist another person adult to do the same, and likewise also has been duly authorized or tested the child to participate in death. "
Well, alludes to the statement made on March 17, 2009 before the magistrate No. 4 by the confessed murderer, that he and the 'Cuckoo' have sexually assaulted and killed Marta del Castillo, and notes that "it is questionable whether there was any legitimate and justified because it impedes the prosecution to take Carcaño statement in the record of reform with the defense citing the child. " At this point, the judge says "not understanding the performance" of the prosecution and the fact that "is limited to the incorporation of the testimony of Michael, after the declaration provided in the older procedure without the assistance of counsel for the child supposed to that a substantial change in its position and is credited with the commission of serious crimes. "
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Thus, the statement asserts that Carcaño" no probative value for having violated during the investigation of the case to reform the basic guarantee of the principle contradiction, since the child's lawyer was unable to perform for reasons not attributable to it - is obviously not going to be the one who proposed for declaration as it is the main evidence against his client - not one question to Michael, which gives the 'cuckoo' the commission of no less a crime of murder and two counts of sexual assault because he has not been given part of the prosecution once appropriate and adequate for that. "
" Miguel's statement does not meet the requirements to destroy the fundamental right to presumption of innocence that protects the minor defendant, "the judge, while noting that the statement provided by the confessed murderer "are spurious mobile revenge or resentment towards the child, because" only glitch using that phone can be a logical explanation for the changes in version "of Carcaño regarding the participation ' Cuco '. Thus, suggests that Michael changed his version of the child to take revenge for having included his brother as a participant in the events and to exempt his brother from all liability.
In this vein, the judge revealed that Michael "has absolute control over events and can include and exclude at whim in the events involving people who wish appropriate at their own convenience and interest. "
also refers to the detection of a mixture of" perfect "genetic profiles of Martha and the child on the floor beside the table desk in the bedroom of Michael, just in where the events occurred, but asserts that the mixture "the only thing that is irrefutably proves that the minor was present on the floor of Leo XIII on the day the incident occurred and had contact with the body, but unfortunately the body has not appeared and has not been an autopsy. "
" conviction "YOU KNOW WHERE IS THE BODY
regard to crime against the person who accused the Prosecutors said the child "did not wish to reveal the location or fate that led to the body of Martha, when the judge has full conviction that knows exactly where is the body or the fate that led to it, or at least have some data that might lead to where the body is. "The child, with its failure to disclose the fate or whereabouts of the body is exercising - improperly or disproportionate - the constitutional rights it thinks ", he adds. Finally, and regarding the compensation of EUR 616,319.27 requesting the Prosecutor to the Ministry of the Interior for expenditure on the various search engines work, the judge rejected because the child has been found liable for a crime of concealment, which "is not configured as a form of participation in the crime, but as a separate crime against the Administration of Justice, so it can hardly generate a civil obligation for the Ministry of Interior. "
SOURCE: IRIN
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El Cuco, convicted of concealment, could go free within months
The child's lawyer has said that the months spent in the group home to be counted in full as sentence served
Sevilla. (Agencies) .- The child nicknamed 'Cuco', tried for the rape and murder of the young Seville Marta del Castillo, has been sentenced to two years and eleven months of detention in a juvenile facility, so that his lawyer told they might be freed in a few months to compute the time it takes in a group home.
The ruling absolves the child of the crimes of rape and murder, which has been described as "a pitcher of ice water" by the grandfather of Martha, José Antonio Casanueva, who has come to collect the decision on behalf of the family .
The juvenile court has imposed two years and eleven months imprisonment followed by one month probation, so the Cuckoo could be freed soon if it is computed that leads from February 2009 through restrictive measures, first admitted to a center and from November 2009 in a group home.
His lawyer, Fernando de Pablo, told reporters that the group home is a restriction of rights and means to be credited in full as a sentence served, although it will be an interpretation for the judge. José Antonio Casanueva
has expressed his disappointment because the acquittal of the most serious crimes "as if there had been no decision, knowing that all were there, "he said in reference to the four defendants who allegedly participated in the events of January 24, 2009 in a flat in Calle Leon XIII in Seville.
At trial, both the prosecution and the private prosecution that Marta brought parents asked for him six years of detention, the maximum provided by the Juvenile Penal Law, for two counts of rape, the act committed by him and perpetrated by his friend Miguel Carcano adult-and one of murder .
The case against this boy, now 16, was seen for sentencing on 15 February after a defendant's last speech in which he reiterated his innocence, said he also suffered with the demise of Martha and that if I knew where the body would have already said.
La Audiencia de Sevilla judge in the coming months to the other four defendants, elderly, including Miguel Carcano, for whom the prosecution has requested 52 years in prison for the murder and rape of the girl, which occurred in January 2009.
SOURCE: THE VANGUARD 
The child's lawyer has said that the months spent in the group home to be counted in full as sentence served
Sevilla. (Agencies) .- The child nicknamed 'Cuco', tried for the rape and murder of the young Seville Marta del Castillo, has been sentenced to two years and eleven months of detention in a juvenile facility, so that his lawyer told they might be freed in a few months to compute the time it takes in a group home.
The ruling absolves the child of the crimes of rape and murder, which has been described as "a pitcher of ice water" by the grandfather of Martha, José Antonio Casanueva, who has come to collect the decision on behalf of the family .
The juvenile court has imposed two years and eleven months imprisonment followed by one month probation, so the Cuckoo could be freed soon if it is computed that leads from February 2009 through restrictive measures, first admitted to a center and from November 2009 in a group home.
His lawyer, Fernando de Pablo, told reporters that the group home is a restriction of rights and means to be credited in full as a sentence served, although it will be an interpretation for the judge. José Antonio Casanueva
has expressed his disappointment because the acquittal of the most serious crimes "as if there had been no decision, knowing that all were there, "he said in reference to the four defendants who allegedly participated in the events of January 24, 2009 in a flat in Calle Leon XIII in Seville.
At trial, both the prosecution and the private prosecution that Marta brought parents asked for him six years of detention, the maximum provided by the Juvenile Penal Law, for two counts of rape, the act committed by him and perpetrated by his friend Miguel Carcano adult-and one of murder .
The case against this boy, now 16, was seen for sentencing on 15 February after a defendant's last speech in which he reiterated his innocence, said he also suffered with the demise of Martha and that if I knew where the body would have already said.
La Audiencia de Sevilla judge in the coming months to the other four defendants, elderly, including Miguel Carcano, for whom the prosecution has requested 52 years in prison for the murder and rape of the girl, which occurred in January 2009.
SOURCE: THE VANGUARD
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The judge confirmed that the trial of 'Cuco' is constitutional
SEVILLA, 24 Mar. (EUROPA PRESS) -
Juvenile Judge No. 1, Alejandro Vian, has refused to refer to the Constitutional Tribunal (TC) requested the issue of unconstitutionality private prosecution by holding the girl's family Seville Marta del Castillo, missing and presumed murdered the night of 24 to 25 January 2009 in a house of Leo XIII, in order that the child known as the 'Cuckoo' be tried at the same time that the four older defendants.
In an order issued last March 22, has had access to Europa Press, the judge shows that "there is no need to raise" the issue to TC "on the grounds that Article 16.5 of Organic Law Regulating Criminal Responsibility of Minors is not contrary to our constitutional text, "an order from which not possible to appeal any "without prejudice to the right of the parties to reproduce the issue on second and subsequent instances."
In this sense, the judge tells you what is questioned by the private prosecution is the constitutionality of a provision "that causes the immediate effect of opening for a same offenses in two separate avenues of instruction and, if the holding of two trials and the issuance of two different sentences, after which "question" whether the particular charge "really is intimate and firm conviction that that provision may be contrary to our Constitution or by using the mechanism the question unconstitutional as a legal tool at its disposal "in order that no court reaches a decision against the child until there is no ruling against the elderly.
After acknowledging his" respectable and legitimate interests, "the judge said he" can not question that that Article 16.5 is not a standard applied by this judge, its operation depends on the validity of the decision handed down, since it is a standard that is aimed at examining magistrate during the investigation stage and what can not be justified by the private prosecution is to present the issue citing that article the same day appointed for the holding of the hearing. "
This, he adds, "while he has been a private legal action in both proceedings, speaking and requesting the adoption of the measures it deemed relevant to its right, without have even raised the possible unconstitutionality of the entire pretrial phase and intermediate phase practiced, "while asserting that the existence of a specific criminal procedure for children and differential criminal procedure for the elderly" is not only unconstitutional, but it is perfectly constitutional. "
Both the child's lawyer accused and the prosecution had already decided against raising this question, then, in the case of Public Prosecutions, argued that "the regulation of dual jurisdiction breaks the principle of legal certainty," for defaults with absolute precision the procedural rules applicable when a criminal act involving older and younger than 18 years, so irrelevant generic invoking constitutional principle of legal certainty. "
In this regard, the prosecution asserted that "the regulation of dual jurisdiction is not only unconstitutional but is fully consistent with the provisions of Article 39.4 of the English Constitution" adding that "if the legal provision was that if they were found involved adults and children will follow a single procedure before the jurisdiction of adults, yes that would be generated doubts about its constitutionality."
"maintain - as does the private prosecution - the system of dual jurisdiction is unconstitutional unconstitutional would also consider the possibility that, in criminal proceedings against a number of seniors , they are prosecuted separately when handling contingencies so demand "argues the Attorney General, adding that "it is clear that, in general, a case against several persons may lead to trials when there are several procedural obstacle to the prosecution together, and therefore to several sentences."
In line says that "it is well established since time immemorial, not only in the English criminal procedure, but in all the countries around us legal culture", after which he summarizes by stating that "the criminal court judges adults do it with full jurisdiction and without being connected to what may decide the Juvenile Court on the child when deciding on the guilt of those. "
adds that "the fact that the system of double jeopardy this complex practical problems - it is clear that the show - no basis whatsoever for questioning its constitutionality, "and says that" one thing that can be improved the existing regulatory system and another that is unconstitutional. "
For his part, counsel for the 'Cuckoo', Fernando de Pablo, expressed his satisfaction at the fact that the judge has rejected this question, then, commented to reporters , "it would leave us without a sentence even in a lot of years." "The unconstitutionality would have created a serious problem, has ruled. 
SEVILLA, 24 Mar. (EUROPA PRESS) -
Juvenile Judge No. 1, Alejandro Vian, has refused to refer to the Constitutional Tribunal (TC) requested the issue of unconstitutionality private prosecution by holding the girl's family Seville Marta del Castillo, missing and presumed murdered the night of 24 to 25 January 2009 in a house of Leo XIII, in order that the child known as the 'Cuckoo' be tried at the same time that the four older defendants.
In an order issued last March 22, has had access to Europa Press, the judge shows that "there is no need to raise" the issue to TC "on the grounds that Article 16.5 of Organic Law Regulating Criminal Responsibility of Minors is not contrary to our constitutional text, "an order from which not possible to appeal any "without prejudice to the right of the parties to reproduce the issue on second and subsequent instances."
In this sense, the judge tells you what is questioned by the private prosecution is the constitutionality of a provision "that causes the immediate effect of opening for a same offenses in two separate avenues of instruction and, if the holding of two trials and the issuance of two different sentences, after which "question" whether the particular charge "really is intimate and firm conviction that that provision may be contrary to our Constitution or by using the mechanism the question unconstitutional as a legal tool at its disposal "in order that no court reaches a decision against the child until there is no ruling against the elderly.
After acknowledging his" respectable and legitimate interests, "the judge said he" can not question that that Article 16.5 is not a standard applied by this judge, its operation depends on the validity of the decision handed down, since it is a standard that is aimed at examining magistrate during the investigation stage and what can not be justified by the private prosecution is to present the issue citing that article the same day appointed for the holding of the hearing. "
TRIAL TO 'Cuckoo', "perfectly constitutional"
This, he adds, "while he has been a private legal action in both proceedings, speaking and requesting the adoption of the measures it deemed relevant to its right, without have even raised the possible unconstitutionality of the entire pretrial phase and intermediate phase practiced, "while asserting that the existence of a specific criminal procedure for children and differential criminal procedure for the elderly" is not only unconstitutional, but it is perfectly constitutional. "
Both the child's lawyer accused and the prosecution had already decided against raising this question, then, in the case of Public Prosecutions, argued that "the regulation of dual jurisdiction breaks the principle of legal certainty," for defaults with absolute precision the procedural rules applicable when a criminal act involving older and younger than 18 years, so irrelevant generic invoking constitutional principle of legal certainty. "
In this regard, the prosecution asserted that "the regulation of dual jurisdiction is not only unconstitutional but is fully consistent with the provisions of Article 39.4 of the English Constitution" adding that "if the legal provision was that if they were found involved adults and children will follow a single procedure before the jurisdiction of adults, yes that would be generated doubts about its constitutionality."
dual system of jurisdiction
"maintain - as does the private prosecution - the system of dual jurisdiction is unconstitutional unconstitutional would also consider the possibility that, in criminal proceedings against a number of seniors , they are prosecuted separately when handling contingencies so demand "argues the Attorney General, adding that "it is clear that, in general, a case against several persons may lead to trials when there are several procedural obstacle to the prosecution together, and therefore to several sentences."
In line says that "it is well established since time immemorial, not only in the English criminal procedure, but in all the countries around us legal culture", after which he summarizes by stating that "the criminal court judges adults do it with full jurisdiction and without being connected to what may decide the Juvenile Court on the child when deciding on the guilt of those. "
adds that "the fact that the system of double jeopardy this complex practical problems - it is clear that the show - no basis whatsoever for questioning its constitutionality, "and says that" one thing that can be improved the existing regulatory system and another that is unconstitutional. "
"SATISFACTION" THE CHILD ADVOCATE
For his part, counsel for the 'Cuckoo', Fernando de Pablo, expressed his satisfaction at the fact that the judge has rejected this question, then, commented to reporters , "it would leave us without a sentence even in a lot of years." "The unconstitutionality would have created a serious problem, has ruled.
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
How To Make Ashower Bench
Maria Esther Jimenez Villegas: Signature Collection by Eve Claire
This is a petition for modification and hardening of the penal code.
Information for border case:
Maria Esther Jimenez Villegas 'Bedding Case Closed' The judge ordered the detention of the young detainee in Arriate
A gang of
Bedding Found any traces of blood in a child's shoe arrested in Arriate
Arrested as a juvenile for the murder of the girl
Arriate María Esther Jiménez Villegas
María Esther Jiménez: "Be careful, I'll kill you"
Other:
Juvenile: "Sale to a minor cheap kill and rape"
already there will be no turning back to recover his life, but it is in our hands to harden and change a system that shows us day after day does not work.
Contents of the letter of the Firm;
To: Congress of Deputies
PleaseWe ask the government and political parties to urgently promote initiative legislativa para la modificación del Código Penal, con el mandato de que presenten para su aprobación la propuesta de una reforma penal que permita:
-Endurecimiento y cumplimiento íntegro de las penas para los culpables de asesinato,homicidio, violación y pederastas, así como para sus cómplices.
-Aprobación de Instrucciones o protocolos por parte de la Secretaria de Estado para la Seguridad sobre la actuación policial con respectos a los menores desaparecidos.
-Referéndum constitucional por la legalización de la cadena perpetua para asesinos y pederastas.
-Cambio de la ley del menor y endurecimiento de la misma.
Fin de la carta a Firmar
many signatures are needed if you want to collaborate please access the link and help change things.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Snowboard Test Rossignol Decoy
ALL READY FOR THE 2nd SALITA COMIC
Magnificent VICTOR COYOTE cartel has done for the 2 nd SALITA COMIC. He will be on 25 March.
Magnificent VICTOR COYOTE cartel has done for the 2 nd SALITA COMIC. He will be on 25 March. 
Saturday, March 19, 2011
Monday, March 14, 2011
Skin Cancer Pinky Mark
TANATOCRONODIAGNOSTICO
The determination of date of death is one of the most complicated problems that can be presented to a medical examiner, but also its criminological importance is paramount. Accurately set time that a death has occurred is equivalent in most of the time, to discover the true author and to wage a false accusation of the innocent.
Diagnosis of time of death is based on our knowledge of the time of onset and time course of cadaveric phenomena. But, as you know, lots of active influence or delay the changes cadavers sometimes influences from environmental and other characteristic of the body. Therefore, when in fact it is said that a corpse has a date of four to six days, or four or six months, no more than a presumption about, and that the bodies of different dates may have the same look and bodies of the same data under different influences decay at different rates. For these reasons
have increased research aimed at providing the ideal sign arrived to determine the exact time of death, so far, however, none has fulfilled this aspiration. To set the date of death should not be based only on a sign, but a set of them and assess them critically, taking into account a multitude of external circumstances and individuals that can influence the course and duration of the different phenomena cadaveric . It is, indeed, of data that each man for himself meaningless determinant, but acquire weight and value through their mutual integration.
Corin said: "All conceivable methods and procedures to accurately determine the time of death, excellent when they are studied in laboratory animals or in vitro, in practice suffer from difficulties of factors that work in many different ways and which not only gives an account in the experimental field ".
And, for the same reasons, Orfila said that resolving the problem of the timing of death was a company than human forces, adding that such a claim axiomatic Thoinot is true in general.
Given the remarkable abundance of signs proposed for the diagnosis of the date of death, it is necessary to systematize and, above all, try them in their true value.
To make this study will classify the proposed signs as their chronology, dividing them into two groups. The first signs include applicable to fresh corpses, understood as those which have not started the cadaveric putrefaction. In the second study group to evaluate the signs in the body and old, and consider this grab those bodies where the putrefaction already begun, has not yet reached skeletal period. The determination of the time of death in the skeleton is a specialized research, which can not enter.
death in forensic medicine, is irreversible and permanent abolition of the body's vital functions. It is also a "process" to the extent that not all vital systems cease to operate simultaneously.
1. Signs Neurological
-
Unconsciousness Loss of motility
-loss of sensation and muscle contraction.
2. Respiratory signs:
-No breathing, no listening to the breath sounds in both lung fields Winslow
-sign. Place a mirror in front of the nostrils or nasal passages, if we blur the respiratory activity indicates
"Another test involves placing paper with neutral lead acetate, which is placed before
both nostrils. If it turns black indicates the evidence of death due to detachment of hydrogen sulphide gas
from incipient decomposition the body.
3. Ocular: Mydriasis
-pupil, pupil dilation.
fotomotor Absence of corneal reflex.
-atrophy of the eyeball: by dehydration.
Presence of membrane glerosa corneal or SIGN Stenon LOUIS, which is an opaque, greyish in the cornea and starts at about the 12 th hour post mortem.
- BLACK SPOT ESCLOROTICAL OR MARK SOMMER. It is an irregular patch of black that is due to oxidation of hemoglobin to the choroidal vessels and dehydration. It appears from the 5 th hour post mortem if the eyelids are open. This spot is located at the outer corners of the anterior segment of the eye and then appears on the inmates.
4. Signs Circulatory
-pulse test. Icard
-test. Which involves injecting five milliliters of a solution of fluorescein by
intravenously. What results in the patient alive, a yellowing of the skin and greenish
emerald in the anterior segment of eyes no longer than five
minutes. Which means that there is still movement in the body. This test is
decisive. Bouchut
-test. It consists of listening to the heartbeat for twelve to twenty minutes and can give false results due to factors such as inappropriate use of the stethoscope, the doctor of hearing people browser. This test is not conclusive. Magnus
-sign. Involves tying a finger from its base, if any movement that turns blue. Middeldorf
-sign. A needle type tuy at the apex of the heart, which present motion if there even heartbeat.
5. Chemical signs:
-Test and Bissemoret Ambard. Apply a litmus paper blue in the patient's skin to diagnose, such as body fluids are acidic exudes the paper will turn red. Lecha
-test in March. Litmus paper is placed under the eyelids, to the conjunctival fornix, the same that it will not change color in the absence of tears. Laborde
-test. A needle is inserted into the body on the muscle and kept for half an hour and observed for rust. Dominis
-test: it should raise the individual's skin and make pressure, you get a liquid called lymph, is impregnated with litmus paper pink with this lymph, it changes to blue person is alive if it maintains its pink color indicates that it has died.
-PH of moods: in a living person is alkaline pH, the death becomes acid, which is why when a person has a heart attack the first step is to place intravenous bicarbonate to prevent acidosis in the body.
begins in the extremities and face, which are cold at two hours. The cooling is complete touch to the 10 to 12 hours.
• The body loses in the first period of 3-4 hours, about 0.5 degrees per hour.
• During the 6 to 10 hours after it loses a degree per hour.
• In the third stage lost 0.75 to 0.50 - 0.25 degrees per hour until it reaches room temperature.
Factors that influence the temperature drops faster: Nudity
Freezing Cold weather
State
cachectic factors that influence the temperature to drop slowly
Woolens
Obesity Middle
hot
2. Dehydration: is the loss body weight as a result of evaporation. The skin changes are the effect of "parched." Eyeballs sink and dry mucous membranes are seen as progressive. 8g lost per kilo of body weight per day during the first 72 h after death. Corpse
lose water weight and therefore
3. Rigor mortis: is the consequence of coagulation of myosin post mortem with the consequent hardening of the muscle fibers. The stiffness has a downward motion over the muscles of the body, appears in the masseter and ends on the feet.
The stiffness is installed between 3 and 6 hours after death occurred and departs when putrefaction. Rigor mortis was complete by 8 to 12 hours, reaches its maximum at 24 hours and disappeared at 36 hours after death.
4. Cadaveric spasm: is a phenomenon of emergency and maintenance is a post mortem determined attitude, the result of a sudden natural or violent death. The putrefaction disappears.
5. Postmortem lividity: Liver spots are displayed in areas body declines as a result of displacement of the blood due to the action of gravity.
may occur immediately after death and kept until 12 to 15 hours. Not produce more than 30 hours after death.
The lividity begin to appear on the back of the neck after 45 minutes of death.
In the rest of the body appear 3 to 5 hours after death.
These spots disappear easily to finger pressure before 8 am and do so with difficulty after that time, disappearing after 12 hours.
6. Cadaverous hypostatize: LIVEDECO Unlike these are accumulations of blood in dependent parts of the viscera. Your test is doctor's responsibility forensics, so treatment is not warranted in this document.
1. Green stain abdominal / Chromatic: A seems a spot in the region cecoappendiceal (the first sign of putrefaction). The spot appears within 24 to 36 hours of the death occurred, and that is generalized throughout the body within one week. It is an irregular patch of green that usually appears in the lower right quadrant (where the death is by drowning, initially appears on the face) and is due to the transformation undergone by hemoglobin.
2. Red Vein Posthumous: venous network in the living patient is red wine into the body is seen dark green due to hemoglobin transformed. And it becomes evident between 24 and 48 hrs. Post mortem on the chest and arms because of the gases that relax the blood vessels.
3. Putrefaction gas / emphysema: Appearance vesicle soft skin, bloating, blood pressure in deep planes moves to flat surface. This period lasts until a couple of weeks. The most frequent location is the scrotum, breasts, eyelids. Lips and tongue. It presents thirty-six hours post mortem is due to the invasion of connective tissue by gas.
4. Factors influencing the putrefaction / colliquative: There is epidermal detachment easy digital pressure and some parts are detached from the dermis forming blisters. Natural orifice evidence brown liquid outlet cyanosis, hair and nails are easily detached. Tissues soften, the body decreases in volume and sink tissues. This period lasts 8 to 10 months. Blebs
Putre elevations of the epidermis are having in the transudate fluid interior and lots of bacteria appear after 36 hrs. Post mortem. DETACHMENT
dermoepidermal: This sign is secondary to the disappearance of the blisters, and is given to break them. Is between 36 and 72 hours post mortem.
abdominal distension. This phenomenon appears between 24 and 48 hrs. Post-mortem and is given by the formation of gas within the intestine by the large number of bacteria found there. Bloating
: is presented by gas forming bacteria found in the intestine and abdominal distension phenomenon appears between 24 and 48 hours after death.
5. Other forms of desconposición mortis / Slimming / natural conservation methods. Is the disappearance of soft tissue and bone, this phenomenon depends on the environment in which it is buried the body, can range between 2 and five years.
adipocire. This phenomenon occurs in a moist environment without air, which causes the fat to become glycerol and fatty acids. Forming soaps with calcium, potassium and salt. Occurs between three and six months and complete post mortem at eighteen to twenty months. Transformation itself is soapy subcutaneous fat and the body acquires a yellowish white color and smell stale pasty.
allowing the forensic investigation. The joint allowing the forensic investigation is a form of mummification and saponification, as a step or incomplete adipocere phenomenon for some authors.
MOMIFIACIÓN. is presented from the sixth month post mortem begins on exposed parts where there is little water and fat, as are the ears, nose and fingers.
is characterized by a progressive drying skin, which is attached to the skeleton, making the body a dark color and the skin becomes hard and leathery. Mummification can be total or partial.
warm, dry weather favors the development of mummification, and the desert floor. In the newborn is presented by the small number of bacteria that may have on the digestive system.
skeleton. Many of the soft tissues fade after 1-2 years. The tendons and ligaments
survive longer and the hair and nails.
bones remain solid and strong for years. When sawing, you smell of organic matter and may contain fat or bone.
After several years (40-50) the surface becomes dry and brittle and the bone is eroded. The marrow cavity is empty and there is no noticeable odor.
laboratory techniques exist to determine the state of protein, amino acids, immune and blood pigment stone, elements that help you calculate the date of death.
FROSTBITE. The intense and prolonged cold can influence conservation of the corpse indefinitely.
The cooling continued to -40 ° C allows almost indefinite conservation
The rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen (-176 ° C allows the conservation in biological material living conditions) for further use in transplantation or research.
is the case of accidents or casual sports, in sports and high mountain snow. It is common that the victims are lost or hidden under the snow or ice for a limited time, until they are found or until the time of the thaw reveals.
forensic Interest:
1. The perfect preservation of the body allows a formal autopsy and establishing with precision the cause of death.
2. The identification, if any, is securely allowing even the use of photography to this end.
1. Embalming: serves to keep in good condition soft tissues of the body. Using antiseptic substances such as formalin and pathways that are used are the axillary artery, the carotid and femoral
2. Cool. The cold is the ideal medium to produce inhibition of the processes that are going to destroy organic matter after the cessation of vital functions.
is used to delay the putrefaction limited time to legal requirements relating to the autopsy or identification of corpses of unknown persons.
forensic Interest:
1) The cold adjust cadaveric phenomena. So lividity brighten your color and take on a coppery hue, the epidermis is anserina, retraction of the nipple, scrotum and penis.
2) cooling corpse becomes worthless for cronotanatodiagnóstico.
3) slows the destructive phenomena of the body, causes autolysis and putrefaction can not be used to diagnose the time of death
time of death, initiated the development flora and fauna cadaverous in the body, which will reduce this to what we know as "dry rest." These are composed of different kinds of organisms and Diptera, finding that the first act when the body is outside, devouring the act. (Rodents, dogs, birds of prey, ants and carnivorous animals in general).
Diptera occur when the body is exposed, by virtue of being watched and even when it is in the coffin, have contact with different bacteria and flies. Thus we find that at death are eggs in different areas of the body. The larvae begin to develop between 8 and 14 hrs., Later in pupae and complete comvertirse cycle when they become flies.
the coroner must differentiate whether the injuries found on a corpse semidevorado by carnivorous animals, post mortem were occasions because it has special features depending on whether they were caused before or after death. So that the rodents leave a corroded area and traces of teeth, the ants produce such superficial serpiginous lesions, the canines eat the thoracic limbs and foot bones, leaving no soft spots and gnawed at the ends. Birds of prey eat the internal organs and then directed his attack on the members.
fungi develop in the inhuman bodies, but not in those exposed to air and sun. Those found most frequently are those with Mucor, Penicillium and Aspergillus. These fungi do not require light to grow because they are devoid of clorofina.
PUTREFACTION: is the breakdown of the organism by bacterial action, and is a phenomenon that starts immediately ghastly death and is subject to factors and retandantes accelerators. Was divided into four periods
ACELERANTE: act as accelerating the tropical climate, fertile ground water submergence, death from sepsis, etc.
RETARDANT: cold weather, use of antibiotics ante mortem and desert terrain.
microbial agents that generate putrefaction is mainly Clostridium welchii, putridus gracilis and magnus. Which produce the rotten gases of the body and are anaerobes, which act after other aerobic bacteria such as Proteus vulgaris, putrificus Coli, cholera vibrio liquefaciens marnus and have exhausted the little oxygen in the body.
Article Extracted From Psychopathology and Legal Medicine (Recommended visiting this Blog) 
 |
| Eve Claire |
Diagnosis of time of death is based on our knowledge of the time of onset and time course of cadaveric phenomena. But, as you know, lots of active influence or delay the changes cadavers sometimes influences from environmental and other characteristic of the body. Therefore, when in fact it is said that a corpse has a date of four to six days, or four or six months, no more than a presumption about, and that the bodies of different dates may have the same look and bodies of the same data under different influences decay at different rates. For these reasons
have increased research aimed at providing the ideal sign arrived to determine the exact time of death, so far, however, none has fulfilled this aspiration. To set the date of death should not be based only on a sign, but a set of them and assess them critically, taking into account a multitude of external circumstances and individuals that can influence the course and duration of the different phenomena cadaveric . It is, indeed, of data that each man for himself meaningless determinant, but acquire weight and value through their mutual integration.
Corin said: "All conceivable methods and procedures to accurately determine the time of death, excellent when they are studied in laboratory animals or in vitro, in practice suffer from difficulties of factors that work in many different ways and which not only gives an account in the experimental field ".
And, for the same reasons, Orfila said that resolving the problem of the timing of death was a company than human forces, adding that such a claim axiomatic Thoinot is true in general.
Given the remarkable abundance of signs proposed for the diagnosis of the date of death, it is necessary to systematize and, above all, try them in their true value.
To make this study will classify the proposed signs as their chronology, dividing them into two groups. The first signs include applicable to fresh corpses, understood as those which have not started the cadaveric putrefaction. In the second study group to evaluate the signs in the body and old, and consider this grab those bodies where the putrefaction already begun, has not yet reached skeletal period. The determination of the time of death in the skeleton is a specialized research, which can not enter.
evolutionary process
death expert to assume leadership roles, the medical professional should be aware of some considerations about the dying process. death in forensic medicine, is irreversible and permanent abolition of the body's vital functions. It is also a "process" to the extent that not all vital systems cease to operate simultaneously.
immediate or early signs of real death
1. Signs Neurological
-
Unconsciousness Loss of motility
-loss of sensation and muscle contraction.
2. Respiratory signs:
-No breathing, no listening to the breath sounds in both lung fields Winslow
-sign. Place a mirror in front of the nostrils or nasal passages, if we blur the respiratory activity indicates
"Another test involves placing paper with neutral lead acetate, which is placed before
both nostrils. If it turns black indicates the evidence of death due to detachment of hydrogen sulphide gas
from incipient decomposition the body.
 |
| Stenon SIGN LOUIS |
-pupil, pupil dilation.
fotomotor Absence of corneal reflex.
-atrophy of the eyeball: by dehydration.
 |
| SOMMER |
- BLACK SPOT ESCLOROTICAL OR MARK SOMMER. It is an irregular patch of black that is due to oxidation of hemoglobin to the choroidal vessels and dehydration. It appears from the 5 th hour post mortem if the eyelids are open. This spot is located at the outer corners of the anterior segment of the eye and then appears on the inmates.
4. Signs Circulatory
-pulse test. Icard
-test. Which involves injecting five milliliters of a solution of fluorescein by
intravenously. What results in the patient alive, a yellowing of the skin and greenish
emerald in the anterior segment of eyes no longer than five
minutes. Which means that there is still movement in the body. This test is
decisive. Bouchut
-test. It consists of listening to the heartbeat for twelve to twenty minutes and can give false results due to factors such as inappropriate use of the stethoscope, the doctor of hearing people browser. This test is not conclusive. Magnus
-sign. Involves tying a finger from its base, if any movement that turns blue. Middeldorf
-sign. A needle type tuy at the apex of the heart, which present motion if there even heartbeat.
5. Chemical signs:
-Test and Bissemoret Ambard. Apply a litmus paper blue in the patient's skin to diagnose, such as body fluids are acidic exudes the paper will turn red. Lecha
-test in March. Litmus paper is placed under the eyelids, to the conjunctival fornix, the same that it will not change color in the absence of tears. Laborde
-test. A needle is inserted into the body on the muscle and kept for half an hour and observed for rust. Dominis
-test: it should raise the individual's skin and make pressure, you get a liquid called lymph, is impregnated with litmus paper pink with this lymph, it changes to blue person is alive if it maintains its pink color indicates that it has died.
-PH of moods: in a living person is alkaline pH, the death becomes acid, which is why when a person has a heart attack the first step is to place intravenous bicarbonate to prevent acidosis in the body.
media signs of real death
1. Cooling corpses should be the cessation of metabolic activity. After death there is a gradual cooling of the body to the temperature of the environment. begins in the extremities and face, which are cold at two hours. The cooling is complete touch to the 10 to 12 hours.
• The body loses in the first period of 3-4 hours, about 0.5 degrees per hour.
• During the 6 to 10 hours after it loses a degree per hour.
• In the third stage lost 0.75 to 0.50 - 0.25 degrees per hour until it reaches room temperature.
Factors that influence the temperature drops faster: Nudity
Freezing Cold weather
State
cachectic factors that influence the temperature to drop slowly
Woolens
Obesity Middle
hot
lose water weight and therefore
3. Rigor mortis: is the consequence of coagulation of myosin post mortem with the consequent hardening of the muscle fibers. The stiffness has a downward motion over the muscles of the body, appears in the masseter and ends on the feet.
The stiffness is installed between 3 and 6 hours after death occurred and departs when putrefaction. Rigor mortis was complete by 8 to 12 hours, reaches its maximum at 24 hours and disappeared at 36 hours after death.
4. Cadaveric spasm: is a phenomenon of emergency and maintenance is a post mortem determined attitude, the result of a sudden natural or violent death. The putrefaction disappears.
5. Postmortem lividity: Liver spots are displayed in areas body declines as a result of displacement of the blood due to the action of gravity.
may occur immediately after death and kept until 12 to 15 hours. Not produce more than 30 hours after death.
The lividity begin to appear on the back of the neck after 45 minutes of death.
In the rest of the body appear 3 to 5 hours after death.
These spots disappear easily to finger pressure before 8 am and do so with difficulty after that time, disappearing after 12 hours.
6. Cadaverous hypostatize: LIVEDECO Unlike these are accumulations of blood in dependent parts of the viscera. Your test is doctor's responsibility forensics, so treatment is not warranted in this document.
real signs of death late
late phenomena are referred mainly to putrefaction. This is associated with exogenous and endogenous factors. The first by temperature and environment where the body, and second by parasites and intestinal bacteria. In the process of putrefaction are four periods: 1. Green stain abdominal / Chromatic: A seems a spot in the region cecoappendiceal (the first sign of putrefaction). The spot appears within 24 to 36 hours of the death occurred, and that is generalized throughout the body within one week. It is an irregular patch of green that usually appears in the lower right quadrant (where the death is by drowning, initially appears on the face) and is due to the transformation undergone by hemoglobin.
2. Red Vein Posthumous: venous network in the living patient is red wine into the body is seen dark green due to hemoglobin transformed. And it becomes evident between 24 and 48 hrs. Post mortem on the chest and arms because of the gases that relax the blood vessels.
3. Putrefaction gas / emphysema: Appearance vesicle soft skin, bloating, blood pressure in deep planes moves to flat surface. This period lasts until a couple of weeks. The most frequent location is the scrotum, breasts, eyelids. Lips and tongue. It presents thirty-six hours post mortem is due to the invasion of connective tissue by gas.
4. Factors influencing the putrefaction / colliquative: There is epidermal detachment easy digital pressure and some parts are detached from the dermis forming blisters. Natural orifice evidence brown liquid outlet cyanosis, hair and nails are easily detached. Tissues soften, the body decreases in volume and sink tissues. This period lasts 8 to 10 months. Blebs
Putre elevations of the epidermis are having in the transudate fluid interior and lots of bacteria appear after 36 hrs. Post mortem. DETACHMENT
dermoepidermal: This sign is secondary to the disappearance of the blisters, and is given to break them. Is between 36 and 72 hours post mortem.
abdominal distension. This phenomenon appears between 24 and 48 hrs. Post-mortem and is given by the formation of gas within the intestine by the large number of bacteria found there. Bloating
: is presented by gas forming bacteria found in the intestine and abdominal distension phenomenon appears between 24 and 48 hours after death.
5. Other forms of desconposición mortis / Slimming / natural conservation methods. Is the disappearance of soft tissue and bone, this phenomenon depends on the environment in which it is buried the body, can range between 2 and five years.
allowing the forensic investigation. The joint allowing the forensic investigation is a form of mummification and saponification, as a step or incomplete adipocere phenomenon for some authors.
MOMIFIACIÓN. is presented from the sixth month post mortem begins on exposed parts where there is little water and fat, as are the ears, nose and fingers.
is characterized by a progressive drying skin, which is attached to the skeleton, making the body a dark color and the skin becomes hard and leathery. Mummification can be total or partial.
warm, dry weather favors the development of mummification, and the desert floor. In the newborn is presented by the small number of bacteria that may have on the digestive system.
skeleton. Many of the soft tissues fade after 1-2 years. The tendons and ligaments
survive longer and the hair and nails.
bones remain solid and strong for years. When sawing, you smell of organic matter and may contain fat or bone.
After several years (40-50) the surface becomes dry and brittle and the bone is eroded. The marrow cavity is empty and there is no noticeable odor.
laboratory techniques exist to determine the state of protein, amino acids, immune and blood pigment stone, elements that help you calculate the date of death.
FROSTBITE. The intense and prolonged cold can influence conservation of the corpse indefinitely.
The cooling continued to -40 ° C allows almost indefinite conservation
The rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen (-176 ° C allows the conservation in biological material living conditions) for further use in transplantation or research.
is the case of accidents or casual sports, in sports and high mountain snow. It is common that the victims are lost or hidden under the snow or ice for a limited time, until they are found or until the time of the thaw reveals.
forensic Interest:
1. The perfect preservation of the body allows a formal autopsy and establishing with precision the cause of death.
2. The identification, if any, is securely allowing even the use of photography to this end.
artificial preservation methods
1. Embalming: serves to keep in good condition soft tissues of the body. Using antiseptic substances such as formalin and pathways that are used are the axillary artery, the carotid and femoral
2. Cool. The cold is the ideal medium to produce inhibition of the processes that are going to destroy organic matter after the cessation of vital functions.
is used to delay the putrefaction limited time to legal requirements relating to the autopsy or identification of corpses of unknown persons.
forensic Interest:
1) The cold adjust cadaveric phenomena. So lividity brighten your color and take on a coppery hue, the epidermis is anserina, retraction of the nipple, scrotum and penis.
2) cooling corpse becomes worthless for cronotanatodiagnóstico.
3) slows the destructive phenomena of the body, causes autolysis and putrefaction can not be used to diagnose the time of death
WILDLIFE CORPSES Al
time of death, initiated the development flora and fauna cadaverous in the body, which will reduce this to what we know as "dry rest." These are composed of different kinds of organisms and Diptera, finding that the first act when the body is outside, devouring the act. (Rodents, dogs, birds of prey, ants and carnivorous animals in general).
Diptera occur when the body is exposed, by virtue of being watched and even when it is in the coffin, have contact with different bacteria and flies. Thus we find that at death are eggs in different areas of the body. The larvae begin to develop between 8 and 14 hrs., Later in pupae and complete comvertirse cycle when they become flies.
the coroner must differentiate whether the injuries found on a corpse semidevorado by carnivorous animals, post mortem were occasions because it has special features depending on whether they were caused before or after death. So that the rodents leave a corroded area and traces of teeth, the ants produce such superficial serpiginous lesions, the canines eat the thoracic limbs and foot bones, leaving no soft spots and gnawed at the ends. Birds of prey eat the internal organs and then directed his attack on the members.
fungi develop in the inhuman bodies, but not in those exposed to air and sun. Those found most frequently are those with Mucor, Penicillium and Aspergillus. These fungi do not require light to grow because they are devoid of clorofina.
MICROBIAL AGENTS
PUTREFACTION: is the breakdown of the organism by bacterial action, and is a phenomenon that starts immediately ghastly death and is subject to factors and retandantes accelerators. Was divided into four periods
ACELERANTE: act as accelerating the tropical climate, fertile ground water submergence, death from sepsis, etc.
RETARDANT: cold weather, use of antibiotics ante mortem and desert terrain.
microbial agents that generate putrefaction is mainly Clostridium welchii, putridus gracilis and magnus. Which produce the rotten gases of the body and are anaerobes, which act after other aerobic bacteria such as Proteus vulgaris, putrificus Coli, cholera vibrio liquefaciens marnus and have exhausted the little oxygen in the body.
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Signs of Death: Thanatology Thanatology
rigor mortis: is hardening, and retraction of the muscular system. Lacassagne state refers to as hardness, stiffness and shrinkage occurs in the muscles after death. Is due to the degradation of ATP to ADP and AMP.
acidification of the muscles, combined with dehydration, brings rigor mortis, the result of the tightening and contracture affecting on every muscle, smooth or ribbed, following a downward progression: first the lower jaw, then those of the neck, face, trunk, upper extremities, finishing in the lower limbs (Nysten Act).
The rigor mortis is also extended to the heart muscle, pyloric, seminal vesicles (premature post mortem), uterus (expulsion fetus), bladder, pupil (contraction) of the hairs (skin ancerina). The upper limbs have a semi-flexed, often applied to the chest, the lower limbs in extension, as well as the head, the jaws are tightened.
starts after death, from 2 to 4 hours, when ATP decreases to 85 percent within the sarcomere, is complete between 8 to 12 hours after death, reaching its maximum intensity at 24 hours. Disappears between 36 to 48 hours. This happens in a temperate climate. Factors that affect this process as the cold, which accelerates and extends, the heat shortens the onset and decreases the time it is presented, also influences: the cause of death, muscle development, fatigue before dying, bleeding intense.
postmortem lividity: is a purple stain that occurs because the blood is deposited in the dependent parts, depending on the position in which the body is, is due to the lack of movement , and the action exerted by gravity on the blood, it goes to the dependent parts.
lividity begin to manifest as a small spots of purple, which gradually coalesce to observe the entire area that is declining, except for areas where a body part in contact with any surface . This process is initiated between 2 to 4 hours after death, for 8 to 12 hours are already established throughout the area, but still away to pressure; between 12 to 15 hours reach their maximum intensity and do not disappear when pressure (fixed lividity .) The fixation of lividity is linked to the clotting of blood in the capillaries, or the color of the tissues by hemoglobin output of red blood cells and serum exudate.
When the body is moved before the first 12 hours, the lividity first disappear and new spots are formed, between 12 to 24 hours after death, changing the body position, lividity appear new, but do not disappear before, if you move the body after 24 hours, do not disappear the first lividity, or form new spots.
factors that can modify the presence of lividity are cause of death, severe bleeding, degree of malnutrition, age. Cooling
cadaverous: This phenomenon occurs gradually, decreasing the temperature progressively until it equals the temperature of the environment. The progressive decrease occurs because cell death is not present at the same time, but some cells die earlier and some later. The
thermal dispersion curve mentioned an initial period of three to four hours, which reduces half a degree Celsius per hour, the second period occurs between 6 to 10 hours which decreased by one degree centigrade per hour, the third quarter decreased three-quarters half a degree Celsius per hour until it is flush with the surrounding temperature.
cadaver cooling is conditioned by several factors including the cause of death, age, nutritional status, weight, environmental factors. Dehydration
mortis: is due to body water loss by evaporation, the main manifestations are observed in the eye.
Louis Stenon Sign manifested by collapse of the eyeball, loss of transparency of the cornea, which becomes opaque, wrinkling in the cornea, dust bowl in the conjunctiva which is called glerosa fabric.
This set of phenomena observed in the eye open approximately 45 minutes after death, in the closed eye is observed to 24 hours after about death.
Another sign is that of Sommer, who appears as a black spot on the sclera, is triangular in shape with the base directed towards the corner of the eye. This black spot is due to the transparency of the sclera visible leaving the pigment of the choroid.
The stratum corneum is leathery, forming a yellow plate, dry, hard, thick with the consistency of parchment
Another manifestation occurs in the mucous membranes, especially on the lips of infants showing a reddish brown stripe or blackish brown.
Autolysis: is the dissolution of the tissues produced by proteolytic enzymes found in lysosomes, which at the beginning of cell death, releasing enzymes to destroy the lysosomal membrane. Putrefaction
mortis: is the decomposition of dead organic matter, it is the putrid fermentation caused by bacteria found in the intestine, after the death spread through the blood.
The bacteria responsible are developed in organic matter, producing enzymes that selectively act on proteins, fats and carbohydrates, resulting in changes the body that lead to its destruction.
The putrefaction occurs in temperate climates, between 17 ° C to 24 ° C in four periods as follows: Period
color: can see a green patch of green abdominal, skin of the right iliac fossa due to clostridia and coliforms break down hemoglobin green sulfur compounds that color the skin. This period occurs between 24 to 36 hours of death. In fetuses
bacteria enter through natural openings, mainly through the respiratory system, so that the green stain is seen in neck and upper chest. In bodies suppurative or neoplastic lesions, the green spot appears around the lesions.
emphysematous Period: is presented by the production of large amounts of gases derived from the metabolism of the bacteria itself, which bulge and deform the body. Gaseous infiltration invades the subcutaneous tissue, swollen head, eyelids become prominent, genitalia acquire significant quantities, the abdomen is distended, the venous network is becoming very apparent or greenish black discoloration of the skin. This phenomenon was observed in 48 hours period between the start and completed in a period of about seven days.
colliquative Period: at this stage the soft tissue liquefies, the body takes a look caramel between 2 to 4 weeks, the bodies soften and liquefy, lasting from 8 to 10 months. The prostate and uterus are the organs most resistant to this phase.
skeletal reduction Period: on average 2 to 3 years may be up to 5 years, all soft parts disappear through liquefaction, the most resistant are often the connective tissue such as cartilage, tendons , ligament. The skeleton can advance to the spray in a time of 50 years, buried, if the body is exposed to weather the spray may be in 5 years. 
Thanatology Study
RECENT SIGNS OF DEATH
rigor mortis: is hardening, and retraction of the muscular system. Lacassagne state refers to as hardness, stiffness and shrinkage occurs in the muscles after death. Is due to the degradation of ATP to ADP and AMP.
acidification of the muscles, combined with dehydration, brings rigor mortis, the result of the tightening and contracture affecting on every muscle, smooth or ribbed, following a downward progression: first the lower jaw, then those of the neck, face, trunk, upper extremities, finishing in the lower limbs (Nysten Act).
 |
| Click image to enlarge |
starts after death, from 2 to 4 hours, when ATP decreases to 85 percent within the sarcomere, is complete between 8 to 12 hours after death, reaching its maximum intensity at 24 hours. Disappears between 36 to 48 hours. This happens in a temperate climate. Factors that affect this process as the cold, which accelerates and extends, the heat shortens the onset and decreases the time it is presented, also influences: the cause of death, muscle development, fatigue before dying, bleeding intense.
postmortem lividity: is a purple stain that occurs because the blood is deposited in the dependent parts, depending on the position in which the body is, is due to the lack of movement , and the action exerted by gravity on the blood, it goes to the dependent parts.
lividity begin to manifest as a small spots of purple, which gradually coalesce to observe the entire area that is declining, except for areas where a body part in contact with any surface . This process is initiated between 2 to 4 hours after death, for 8 to 12 hours are already established throughout the area, but still away to pressure; between 12 to 15 hours reach their maximum intensity and do not disappear when pressure (fixed lividity .) The fixation of lividity is linked to the clotting of blood in the capillaries, or the color of the tissues by hemoglobin output of red blood cells and serum exudate.
When the body is moved before the first 12 hours, the lividity first disappear and new spots are formed, between 12 to 24 hours after death, changing the body position, lividity appear new, but do not disappear before, if you move the body after 24 hours, do not disappear the first lividity, or form new spots. factors that can modify the presence of lividity are cause of death, severe bleeding, degree of malnutrition, age. Cooling
cadaverous: This phenomenon occurs gradually, decreasing the temperature progressively until it equals the temperature of the environment. The progressive decrease occurs because cell death is not present at the same time, but some cells die earlier and some later. The
thermal dispersion curve mentioned an initial period of three to four hours, which reduces half a degree Celsius per hour, the second period occurs between 6 to 10 hours which decreased by one degree centigrade per hour, the third quarter decreased three-quarters half a degree Celsius per hour until it is flush with the surrounding temperature.
cadaver cooling is conditioned by several factors including the cause of death, age, nutritional status, weight, environmental factors. Dehydration
mortis: is due to body water loss by evaporation, the main manifestations are observed in the eye.
 |
| Louis |
 |
| sign is that of Sommer |
This set of phenomena observed in the eye open approximately 45 minutes after death, in the closed eye is observed to 24 hours after about death.
Another sign is that of Sommer, who appears as a black spot on the sclera, is triangular in shape with the base directed towards the corner of the eye. This black spot is due to the transparency of the sclera visible leaving the pigment of the choroid.
The stratum corneum is leathery, forming a yellow plate, dry, hard, thick with the consistency of parchment
Another manifestation occurs in the mucous membranes, especially on the lips of infants showing a reddish brown stripe or blackish brown.
RECENT DEATH NO SIGNS
Autolysis: is the dissolution of the tissues produced by proteolytic enzymes found in lysosomes, which at the beginning of cell death, releasing enzymes to destroy the lysosomal membrane. Putrefaction
mortis: is the decomposition of dead organic matter, it is the putrid fermentation caused by bacteria found in the intestine, after the death spread through the blood.
The bacteria responsible are developed in organic matter, producing enzymes that selectively act on proteins, fats and carbohydrates, resulting in changes the body that lead to its destruction.
The putrefaction occurs in temperate climates, between 17 ° C to 24 ° C in four periods as follows: Period
color: can see a green patch of green abdominal, skin of the right iliac fossa due to clostridia and coliforms break down hemoglobin green sulfur compounds that color the skin. This period occurs between 24 to 36 hours of death. In fetuses
bacteria enter through natural openings, mainly through the respiratory system, so that the green stain is seen in neck and upper chest. In bodies suppurative or neoplastic lesions, the green spot appears around the lesions.
emphysematous Period: is presented by the production of large amounts of gases derived from the metabolism of the bacteria itself, which bulge and deform the body. Gaseous infiltration invades the subcutaneous tissue, swollen head, eyelids become prominent, genitalia acquire significant quantities, the abdomen is distended, the venous network is becoming very apparent or greenish black discoloration of the skin. This phenomenon was observed in 48 hours period between the start and completed in a period of about seven days.
colliquative Period: at this stage the soft tissue liquefies, the body takes a look caramel between 2 to 4 weeks, the bodies soften and liquefy, lasting from 8 to 10 months. The prostate and uterus are the organs most resistant to this phase.
skeletal reduction Period: on average 2 to 3 years may be up to 5 years, all soft parts disappear through liquefaction, the most resistant are often the connective tissue such as cartilage, tendons , ligament. The skeleton can advance to the spray in a time of 50 years, buried, if the body is exposed to weather the spray may be in 5 years.
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The thanatology is a branch of forensic medicine that deals with the study of the body, as well as reductive or conservative changes presented by the body over time. Forensic Thanatology is composed of several chapters.
Tanatosemiología: is the study of changes that occur in the body, from the time death occurs through the signs and processes that are observed. This chapter examines the recent signs of death as dehydration, chills, muscle rigidity and postmortem lividity. There are no recent signs of death that can be reductive and putrefaction, cannibalism, corpse, or corpse conservative phenomena such as saponification, mummification and allowing the forensic investigation.
Cronotanatodiagnóstico: is determined on the basis of signs deceased, the approximate time that has elapsed since the time of death until it is requested the intervention of the forensic experts and the criminal. These events, both recent and non-recent, and established time it takes to appear, so that when a body is not prey to cannibalism cadaver dogs or rodents, or was under the influence of some physical agent which alters the normal process of destruction or preservation, it is possible to determine from these signs the Cronotanatodiagnóstico.
Tanatolegislación: is the set of rules governing the treatment of the corpse, administrative and judicial procedures and documentation.
Forensic Autopsy: surgery is a medical procedure, technical and scientific, for to determine the causes of death and the conditions under which it occurred, through the systematic, orderly and complete the body.
Biotanatología: is the study of organisms that feed, breed, grow or live in the body. This chapter examines the Forensic Entomology in charge of studying all the insects and arthropods found in the body.
Embalsamología: is the study and implementation of procedures that artificially keep the body, as in the amphitheatres of different medical schools.
Death is a process whereby presents the cessation of vital functions, such as absence of: breathing, circulation and sensitivity. Now working with the terms of somatic death and cellular death.
Death Somatic means you no longer functions as the unit of a company, is unconscious, unable to communicate with the external environment is not self-aware of its existence in the world .
Cell death: cessation of breathing and metabolism of body tissues, which is immediately followed by autolysis and decomposition.
Tanatosemiología: is the study of changes that occur in the body, from the time death occurs through the signs and processes that are observed. This chapter examines the recent signs of death as dehydration, chills, muscle rigidity and postmortem lividity. There are no recent signs of death that can be reductive and putrefaction, cannibalism, corpse, or corpse conservative phenomena such as saponification, mummification and allowing the forensic investigation.
Cronotanatodiagnóstico: is determined on the basis of signs deceased, the approximate time that has elapsed since the time of death until it is requested the intervention of the forensic experts and the criminal. These events, both recent and non-recent, and established time it takes to appear, so that when a body is not prey to cannibalism cadaver dogs or rodents, or was under the influence of some physical agent which alters the normal process of destruction or preservation, it is possible to determine from these signs the Cronotanatodiagnóstico.
Tanatolegislación: is the set of rules governing the treatment of the corpse, administrative and judicial procedures and documentation.
Forensic Autopsy: surgery is a medical procedure, technical and scientific, for to determine the causes of death and the conditions under which it occurred, through the systematic, orderly and complete the body.
Biotanatología: is the study of organisms that feed, breed, grow or live in the body. This chapter examines the Forensic Entomology in charge of studying all the insects and arthropods found in the body.
Embalsamología: is the study and implementation of procedures that artificially keep the body, as in the amphitheatres of different medical schools.
Death is a process whereby presents the cessation of vital functions, such as absence of: breathing, circulation and sensitivity. Now working with the terms of somatic death and cellular death.
Death Somatic means you no longer functions as the unit of a company, is unconscious, unable to communicate with the external environment is not self-aware of its existence in the world .
Cell death: cessation of breathing and metabolism of body tissues, which is immediately followed by autolysis and decomposition.
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