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Signs of Death: Thanatology Thanatology

Thanatology Study

RECENT SIGNS OF DEATH

rigor mortis: is hardening, and retraction of the muscular system. Lacassagne state refers to as hardness, stiffness and shrinkage occurs in the muscles after death. Is due to the degradation of ATP to ADP and AMP.

acidification of the muscles, combined with dehydration, brings rigor mortis, the result of the tightening and contracture affecting on every muscle, smooth or ribbed, following a downward progression: first the lower jaw, then those of the neck, face, trunk, upper extremities, finishing in the lower limbs (Nysten Act).

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The rigor mortis is also extended to the heart muscle, pyloric, seminal vesicles (premature post mortem), uterus (expulsion fetus), bladder, pupil (contraction) of the hairs (skin ancerina). The upper limbs have a semi-flexed, often applied to the chest, the lower limbs in extension, as well as the head, the jaws are tightened.

starts after death, from 2 to 4 hours, when ATP decreases to 85 percent within the sarcomere, is complete between 8 to 12 hours after death, reaching its maximum intensity at 24 hours. Disappears between 36 to 48 hours. This happens in a temperate climate. Factors that affect this process as the cold, which accelerates and extends, the heat shortens the onset and decreases the time it is presented, also influences: the cause of death, muscle development, fatigue before dying, bleeding intense.


postmortem lividity: is a purple stain that occurs because the blood is deposited in the dependent parts, depending on the position in which the body is, is due to the lack of movement , and the action exerted by gravity on the blood, it goes to the dependent parts.

lividity begin to manifest as a small spots of purple, which gradually coalesce to observe the entire area that is declining, except for areas where a body part in contact with any surface . This process is initiated between 2 to 4 hours after death, for 8 to 12 hours are already established throughout the area, but still away to pressure; between 12 to 15 hours reach their maximum intensity and do not disappear when pressure (fixed lividity .) The fixation of lividity is linked to the clotting of blood in the capillaries, or the color of the tissues by hemoglobin output of red blood cells and serum exudate.

When the body is moved before the first 12 hours, the lividity first disappear and new spots are formed, between 12 to 24 hours after death, changing the body position, lividity appear new, but do not disappear before, if you move the body after 24 hours, do not disappear the first lividity, or form new spots.

factors that can modify the presence of lividity are cause of death, severe bleeding, degree of malnutrition, age. Cooling

cadaverous: This phenomenon occurs gradually, decreasing the temperature progressively until it equals the temperature of the environment. The progressive decrease occurs because cell death is not present at the same time, but some cells die earlier and some later. The

thermal dispersion curve mentioned an initial period of three to four hours, which reduces half a degree Celsius per hour, the second period occurs between 6 to 10 hours which decreased by one degree centigrade per hour, the third quarter decreased three-quarters half a degree Celsius per hour until it is flush with the surrounding temperature.

cadaver cooling is conditioned by several factors including the cause of death, age, nutritional status, weight, environmental factors. Dehydration

mortis: is due to body water loss by evaporation, the main manifestations are observed in the eye.


Sign Stenon

Louis

Louis Stenon Sign manifested by collapse of the eyeball, loss of transparency of the cornea, which becomes opaque, wrinkling in the cornea, dust bowl in the conjunctiva which is called glerosa fabric.

sign is that of Sommer

This set of phenomena observed in the eye open approximately 45 minutes after death, in the closed eye is observed to 24 hours after about death.

Another sign is that of Sommer, who appears as a black spot on the sclera, is triangular in shape with the base directed towards the corner of the eye. This black spot is due to the transparency of the sclera visible leaving the pigment of the choroid.

The stratum corneum is leathery, forming a yellow plate, dry, hard, thick with the consistency of parchment

Another manifestation occurs in the mucous membranes, especially on the lips of infants showing a reddish brown stripe or blackish brown.

RECENT DEATH NO SIGNS

Autolysis: is the dissolution of the tissues produced by proteolytic enzymes found in lysosomes, which at the beginning of cell death, releasing enzymes to destroy the lysosomal membrane. Putrefaction

mortis: is the decomposition of dead organic matter, it is the putrid fermentation caused by bacteria found in the intestine, after the death spread through the blood.

The bacteria responsible are developed in organic matter, producing enzymes that selectively act on proteins, fats and carbohydrates, resulting in changes the body that lead to its destruction.

The putrefaction occurs in temperate climates, between 17 ° C to 24 ° C in four periods as follows: Period

color: can see a green patch of green abdominal, skin of the right iliac fossa due to clostridia and coliforms break down hemoglobin green sulfur compounds that color the skin. This period occurs between 24 to 36 hours of death. In fetuses

bacteria enter through natural openings, mainly through the respiratory system, so that the green stain is seen in neck and upper chest. In bodies suppurative or neoplastic lesions, the green spot appears around the lesions.

emphysematous Period: is presented by the production of large amounts of gases derived from the metabolism of the bacteria itself, which bulge and deform the body. Gaseous infiltration invades the subcutaneous tissue, swollen head, eyelids become prominent, genitalia acquire significant quantities, the abdomen is distended, the venous network is becoming very apparent or greenish black discoloration of the skin. This phenomenon was observed in 48 hours period between the start and completed in a period of about seven days.

colliquative Period: at this stage the soft tissue liquefies, the body takes a look caramel between 2 to 4 weeks, the bodies soften and liquefy, lasting from 8 to 10 months. The prostate and uterus are the organs most resistant to this phase.

skeletal reduction Period: on average 2 to 3 years may be up to 5 years, all soft parts disappear through liquefaction, the most resistant are often the connective tissue such as cartilage, tendons , ligament. The skeleton can advance to the spray in a time of 50 years, buried, if the body is exposed to weather the spray may be in 5 years.